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Sunday, June 7, 2015

Personality Theories Outline

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Personality Theories Outline Part One


INTRODUCTION
  • Definition of personality
  • Research methods -- Quantitative
    • Personality tests
    • Correlation
    • Experimentation
    • Control
    • Realism
    • Generalization
    • Samples
  • Research methods -- Qualitative
    • Introspection
    • Observation
    • Interviews
    • Case studies
  • Issues
    • Ethnocentrism
    • Egocentrism
    • Dogmatism

FREUD

  • Introduction
    • Anna O.
    • Hysteria
  • Levels
    • Conscious
    • Preconscious
    • Unconscious
  • Structure
    • Id
      • Drives or instincts
      • Wishes
      • Primary process
      • Pleasure principle
    • Ego
      • Secondary process
      • Reality principle
    • Superego
      • Conscience
      • Ego ideal
  • Instincts
    • Life (libido)
      • Individual
      • Sex
    • Death
      • Nirvana principle
      • Aggression
  • Anxiety
    • Realistic (fear)
    • Moral (guilt)
    • Neurotic
  • Ego defense mechanisms (Anna Freud)
    • Denial
    • Repression
    • Asceticism
    • Isolation
    • Displacement
    • Turning-against-the-self
    • Projection
    • Altruistic surrender
    • Reaction formation
    • Undoing
    • Introjection
    • Identification with the aggressor
    • Regression
    • Rationalization
    • Sublimation
  • Development
    • Sex as the need to touch and be touched
    • Erogenous zones
    • Stages and crises
      • Oral -- weaning
      • Anal -- potty training
      • Phallic
      • Latent
      • Genital
    • Oedipal crisis
      • Castration anxiety
      • Penis envy
  • Character types
    • Fixation
    • Oral passive
    • Oral aggressive
    • Anal retentive
    • Anal explulsive
    • Phallic (general)
    • Genital:"love and work"
  • Therapy
    • Relaxed atmosphere
    • Free association
    • Resistance clues
    • Dream analysis
    • Parapraxis
    • Projective tests
    • Transference
    • Catharsis
    • Insight


ANNA FREUD
  • Ego Psychology
  • Ego defense mechanisms (see Freud, above)

ERIKSON
  • Epigenetic principle
    • Optimal times
    • Tasks or crises
    • Maladaptive and malignant tendencies
    • Virtue or strengths
    • Mutuality
  • Stages
    • I. Infant
      • Trust vs mistrust
      • Sensory maladjustment / withdrawal
      • Hope
    • II. Toddler
      • Autonomy vs shame and doubt
      • Impulsiveness / compulsion
      • Willpower
    • III. Preschooler
      • Initiative vs guilt
      • Ruthlessness / inhibition
      • Purpose
    • IV. School child
      • Industry vs inferiority
      • Narrow viruosity / inertia
      • Competency
    • V. Adolescent
      • Ego-identity vs role confusion
      • Fanaticism / repudiation
      • Fidelity
      • Rites of passage
      • Identity crisis
      • Psychosocial moratorium
    • VI. Young adult
      • Intimacy vs isolation
      • Promiscuity / exclusivity
      • Love
    • VII. Middle adult
      • Generativity vs stagnation
      • Midlife crisis
      • Overextension / rejectivity
      • Caring
    • VIII. Late adult
      • Ego-integrity vs despair
      • Presumption / disdain
      • Wisdom

RANK
  • The hero myth
  • Will
  • Types
    • Adapted
    • Neurotic
    • Productive ("artist")
  • Life instinct
    • Fear of death
  • Death instinct
    • Fear of life

JUNG
  • Ego
  • Personal unconscious
  • Collective unconscious
  • Archetypes
    • Mother
    • Mana
    • Shadow
    • Persona
    • Anima/animus
    • Self
      • Mandala
  • Principles
    • Principle of opposites
    • Principle of equivalence
      • Complexes
    • Principle of entropy
      • Transcendence of opposites
  • Synchronicity
  • Types
    • Introversion
    • Extraversion
    • Sensing
    • Thinking
    • Intuiting
    • Feeling
    • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
      • Judging
      • Perceiving

Personality Theories Outline Part Two


ADLER
  • Striving for perfection
    • Aggression drive
    • Compensation
    • Masculine protest
    • Striving for superiority
  • Life style
    • Holism
    • Individual Psychology
    • Style of life
  • Teleology
    • The Philosophy of "As If"
    • Fictions
    • Fictional finalism
  • Social interest
  • Neurosis
    • Organ inferiority
    • Psychological inferiority
    • Inferiority complex
    • Superiority complex
  • Psychological types
    • Ruling
    • Leaning
    • Avoiding
    • Socially useful
  • Childhood
    • Prototype
    • Pampering
    • Neglect
  • Birth order
    • Only
    • First
    • Second
    • Youngest
  • Diagnosis
    • Earliest childhood memories
    • Body language
    • Childhood problems
    • Empathy, intuition, guesswork
  • Therapy
    • Know thyself (fictions, inferiorities, etc.)
    • Encourage social interest

HORNEY
  • Neurosis as ways of interpersonal control and coping
  • Needs become neurotic when...
    • Unrealistic
    • Unreasonable
    • Indiscriminate
    • Anxiety
  • Neurotic needs
    • 1. Affection and approval
    • 2. A partner
    • 3. Narrow borders
    • 4. Power
    • 5. Exploit others
    • 6. Social recognition
    • 7. Personal admiration
    • 8. Personal achievement
    • 9. Independence
    • 10. Perfection
  • Coping strategies
    • I. Compliance--moving toward--self-effacing
    • II. Aggression--moving against--expansive
    • III. Withdrawal--moving away from--resigning
  • Development
    • Basic evil--parental indifference
    • Basic hostility
    • Basic anxiety
    • Coping strategies
      • I. If you love me, you will not hurt me
      • II. If I have power, I shall not be hurt
      • III. If I withdraw, nothing can hurt me
  • Self theory
    • Self-realization
    • Despised self
    • Ideal self
      • Tyrrany of the shoulds

ELLIS

  • REBT -- Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
  • ABC
    • A -- activating experiences
    • B -- beliefs, especially the irrational, self-defeating beliefs
    • C -- consequences, the neurotic symptoms and negative emotions
  • DE
    • D -- the therapist disputes the irrational beliefs
    • E -- positive psychological effects
  • Thinking errors
    • 1.  ignoring the positive,
    • 2.  exaggerating the negative
    • 3.  overgeneralizing.
  • 12 Irrational Ideas
  • Three main irrational beliefs:
    • 1.  “I must be outstandingly competent, or I am worthless.”
    • 2.  “Others must treat me considerately, or they are absolutely rotten.”
    • 3.  “The world should always give me happiness, or I will die.”
  • The therapist argues against these irrational ideas
    • 1.  Is there any evidence for this belief?
    • 2.  What is the evidence against this belief?
    • 3.  What is the worst that can happen if you give up this belief?
    • 4.  And what is the best that can happen?
  • Unconditional self-acceptance

FROMM
  • Freedom
    • Freud: behavior determined by unconscious / biology
      • Animals have instincts
    • Marx: behavior determined by society / economics
      • Traditional societies have tradition
    • Fromm: transcendence of determinism
      • Modern society "burdens" us with freedom
  • Escape from freedom
    • Authoritarianism
      • Masochistic
      • Sadistic
    • Destructiveness
    • Automaton conformity
  • Family origins
    • Symbiotic families
      • Parent "swallows" child
      • Child "swallows" parent
    • Withdrawing families
      • Cold, puritanical type
      • Modern, infantile type
  • The social unconscious
  • Orientations
    • I. Receptive orientation
      • Expects to get
      • Passive member of symbiotic family
      • "Masochistic" authoritarianism
      • Peasantry
    • II. Exploitative orientation
      • Expects to take
      • Active member of symbiotic family
      • "Sadistic" Authoritarianism
      • Aristocracy
    • III. Hoarding orientation
      • Expects to keep
      • Cold withdrawal family
      • Perfectionism or destructiveness
      • Bourgeoisie
    • IV. Marketing orientation
      • Expects to sell
      • Modern withdrawal family
      • Automaton conformity
      • Modern society
    • V. Productive orientation
      • Love and reason
      • Acceptance of freedom and responsibility
      • Humanistic communitarian socialism
      • Being (vs. having) mode
  • Evil
    • Biophilia
    • Necrophilia
  • Human needs
    • Relatedness
    • Creativity
    • Identity
    • Rootedness
    • Frame of orientation

BANDURA
  • Reciprocal determinism
    • Psychological processes
    • Imagery
    • Language
  • Modeling (observational learning)
    • Bobo doll experiment
    • Steps
      • Attentional processes
        • Dampers
        • Model's characteristics
      • Retention
        • Imagery
        • Verbal description
      • Reproduction
        • Prior abilities
        • Practice
      • Motivation
        • Reinforcement
        • Incentives
        • Vicarious reinforcement
        • Punishment
        • Threats
        • Vicarious punishment
  • Self-regulation
    • Self-observation
    • Judgement
      • Standards
    • Self-response
      • Rewarding self-responses
      • Punishing self-responses
  • Self-concept
    • Compensation
    • Inactivity
    • Escape
  • Therapy
    • Self-control therapy
      • Behavioral charts or diaries
      • Environmental planning
      • Self-contracts
    • Modeling therapy

Personality Theories Outline Part Three



EYSENCK, et al.

  • Ancient Greeks
    • Sanguine
    • Choleric
    • Phlegmatic
    • Melancholy
  • Eysenck
    • Factor analysis
    • Neuroticism
      • Sympathetic nervous system
      • Panic attacks
    • Introversion-extraversion
      • Excitation and inhibition
      • Learning vs forgetting traumas
    • Psychoticism
  • Five factor theory (Norman, McCrae and Costa)
    • Extraversion - introversion
    • Agreeableness
    • Conscientiousness
    • Emotional stability - neuroticism
    • Culture (openness to experience)
  • Buss and Plomin
    • Emotionality
    • Sociability
    • Activity
    • Impulsivity

ALLPORT
  • Opportunistic functioning
  • Propriate functioning
  • Proprium
    • Essential, warm, central
    • Sense of body
    • Self-identity
    • Self-esteem
    • Self-extension
    • Self-image
    • Rational coping
    • Propriate striving
  • Personal traits or dispositions
    • Common traits
    • Central traits
    • Secondary traits
    • Cardinal traits
  • Psychological maturity
    • 1. Extensions of self
    • 2. Warm relating
    • 3. Emotional security
    • 4. Realistic perception
    • 5. Problem centeredness
    • 6. Self-objectification
    • 7. Philosophy of life
  • Functional autonomy
    • Perseverative -- habits
    • Propriate (values)
      • Theoretical
      • Economic
      • Aesthetic
      • Social
      • Political
      • Religious

MASLOW
  • Hierarchy of needs
    • Physiological needs
    • Safety needs
    • Belongingness and love needs
    • Esteem needs
    • Need for the respect of others
    • Need for self-respect
  • Deficit (D) needs
    • Homeostasis
    • Instinctoid
    • Philosophy of the future
    • Neurosis
    • Regression under stress
  • Self-actualization
    • Growth motivation, B needs
    • Biographical research
    • Characteristics
    • Peak experiences
    • Metaneeds
    • Metapathologies

ROGERS
  • Actualizing tendency
  • Details
    • Organismic valuing process
    • Positive regard and self-regard
    • Conditions of worth
    • Conditional positive regard and self-regard
  • Incongruence
    • Real self
    • Ideal self
  • Neurosis
    • Defenses
    • Threatening situations
    • Perceptual distortion
    • Denial
  • Psychosis:Shattered self
  • Fully functioning person
    • Openness to experience
    • Existential living
    • Organismic trusting
    • Experiential freedom
    • Creativity
  • Therapy
    • Non-directive, client-centered
    • Reflection
    • Therapist
      • Congruence
      • Empathy
      • Respect
      • Necessary and sufficient


SNYGG AND COMBS
  • phenomenal field
  • phenomenal self
    • single motive
  • differentiation
  • threat
  • meaning (re learning)

KELLY
  • Basics
    • Constructive alternativism
    • Fruitful metaphor
    • Fundamental postulate
  • Corollaries
    • Experience corollary
    • Construction corollary
    • Dichotomy corollary
      • Personal constructs
      • Bipolar constructs
      • Unconscious
      • Submerged
    • Organization corollary
      • Subordinate constructs
      • Constellations
      • Independent constructs
      • Tight construction
      • Loose construction
      • Creativity cycle
    • Range corollary
      • Range of convenience
      • Comprehensive (broad)
      • Incidental (narrow)
    • Modulation corollary
      • Permeable (open)
      • Impermeable (closed)
      • Dilation
      • Constriction
    • Choice corollary
      • Elaboration
      • Adventurous choice
      • Security choice
    • Individuality corollary
    • Commonality corollary
    • Fragmentation corollary
      • Community of selves
    • Sociality corollary
      • Role playing
  • Feelings
    • Anxiety
    • Threat
    • Guilt
    • Aggression
    • Hostility
  • Therapy
    • Psychological disorder
    • Reconstruction
    • Experiments
    • Movement
    • Role playing
    • Homework
    • Fixed-role therapy
      • Character sketch
      • Fixed-role sketch
  • Assessment
    • Rep grid
      • Elements
      • Similarity pole
      • Contrast pole

Personality Theories Outline Part Four



BINSWANGER
  • Existential psychology
  • Phenomenological method
    • Phenomena
    • Intentionality
    • Bracketing
    • Intersubjectivity
  • Existence precedes essence
    • Freedom
  • Dasein
    • Care
    • Thrownness
    • Fallenness
    • Understanding
    • Project
  • Anxiety (dread, angst)
    • Nothingness
  • Guilt (debt, regret)
  • Death
    • Being-towards-death
  • Authenticity
  • Inauthenticity
    • Conventionality
    • Neurosis
      • Themes
  • Existential analysis
    • World-view (world-design, Lebenswelt)
      • Umwelt
      • Mitwelt
      • Eigenwelt
      • Time and space
      • Modes
        • Singular
        • Plural
        • Dual
        • Anonymous
    • Metaphors
  • Therapy
    • Encounter
    • Autonomy



BOSS

  • Illumination
  • Gelassenheit ("letting go")
  • Existentials
    • Space and time (see above)
  • Mood (attunement)
  • Dreams (as illumination)

FRANKL
  • Logotherapy
    • Will to meaning
  • Conscience
  • Existential vacuum
    • Anticipatory anxiety
    • Hyperintention
    • Hyperreflection
    • The abyss experience
  • Psychopathology
    • Anxiety neurosis
    • Obsessive-compulsive disorder
    • Depression
  • Finding meaning
    • Experiential values
    • Creative values
    • Attitudinal values
      • Suffering
  • Transcendence
    • Suprameaning
  • Therapy
    • Paradoxical intention
    • Dereflection
    • Self-transcendence


MAY

  • Destiny
  • Courage
  • Anxiety
  • Developmental types
    • Innocence
    • Rebellion
    • Ordinary
    • Creative
  • The daimonic
    • Daimons
    • Daimonic possession
    • Eros
    • Will
    • Wishes
  • Personality types
    • Neo-Puritan
    • Infantile
  • Myths


BUDDHIST PSYCHOLOGY
  • Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
  • Structure of the mind
    • The five skandhas
      • the body
      • sensations and feelings
      • perceptions and thoughts
      • mental acts (will, attention...)
      • basic consciousness
    • The six fields ("senses")
  • The four noble truths
    • 1.  Life is (full of) suffering
      • Suffering
      • Impermanence
      • Anatman
    • 2.  Suffering is caused by attachment
      • Attachment
      • Hatred or avoidance
      • Ignorance
    • 3.  Suffering can be extinguished
      • Nirvana ("blowing out")
    • 4.  There is a way
      • Dharma
  • Eightfold path
    • Wisdom
      • 1.  Right view
      • 2.  Right aspiration
    • Moral precepts
      • 3.  Right speech
      • 4.  Right action
      • 5.  Right livelihood
      • Karma
    • Meditation
      • 6.  Right effort
        • 7.  Right mindfulness
        • 8.  Right concentration
    • Bodhisattvas
      • Brahma vihara
        • Loving kindness
        • Compassion
        • Sympathetic joy
        • Equanimity
    • Emptiness (sunyata)
      • Non-dualistic perception and thought
      • Koans

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